Oil-burning apparatus



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. F. H. STANARD ET AL OIL BURNING APPARATUS Filed, June 9, 1922 4Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Apr. 6, 1926.

. UNITED STATES 1,530,091- PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK H. STANARD AND MAURICE L. STANARD, OF KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI.

OIL-BURNING APPARATUS.

Application filed June 9, 1922. Serial No. 587,144.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that We, FRANK H. STANARD and MAURICE L. STANARD, citizensof the United States, residing at Kansas City, in the county of Jacksonand State of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Imrovementsin Oil-Burning Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to oil burning apparatus and pertains moreparticularly to' that type of apparatus in which a burner is employed instoves and furnaces for utilizing oil such, .for instance, as keroseneor distillate as a fuel instead of coal.

One object of the invention is the provision of mechanism for thoroughlybreaking up the fuel oil into spray by means of air under pressure whichcombines with said spray and forms therewith an economical and highlycombustible mixture which is carried by the force of the air 'totheburner where it is vaporized and consumed.

A further object is the provision of mechanism for automaticallycontrolling the feeding of the oil and air forming the combustiblemixture, said mechanism embodying a suitable theremostat which acts tostop the feeding mechanism when the temperature exceeds a predetermineddegree an acts in starting said mechanism when the temperature fallsbelow a certain degree, thus insuring a substantially, uniformtemperature of any desired degree obtained by manually adjusting thethermostat accordingly. W

A further object is'the provision of mechanism for automaticallyshutting off the supply of fuel in the event that the flame at theburner should become extinguished and thus avoid the danger of floodingsaid burner and the stove or furnace with oil.

- Other objects will hereinafter appear, and

.in order that the invention may be fully understood, reference will nowbe had to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of the apparatus with the burner installed in thefire-pot of a furnace.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged horizontal section on line II-II of Fig. 4, of amixing tube and associated parts.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail of the thermostat.

Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the apparatus with the burner installed inthe'fire-pot of the furnace.

d a liquid fuel container 2 of suitable capa- Fig. 5 is a verticalsection of an oil container and a pump for raising the oil from saidcontainer, so that it may flow by gravity through a feed pipe to themixing tube.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged broken sectional view of a portion of a tripmechanism for stopping the motor, which drives the oil pump and an airblower, in case the flame at the burner should become extinguished.*Fig. 7 4 is. an enlarged longitudinal sectional view on line VIIVII ofFig. 2, of electrically controlled means for stopping the motor when thetemperature in the apartment in which the thermostat is installedexceeds a predetermined degree.

Fig. 8 is a detail cross section on line VIII VIII of Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the burner.

Fig. 10 is a cross section of the burner on line XX of Fig. 9. t

Fig. 11 is a cross section of the burner on line XIXI of Fig. 9.

Fig. 12 is a diagram of the electric circuits and mechanisms forautomatically controlling the supply of oil and air to the mixing tube.

In carrylng out the invention, weemploy city and having a removable lid4 held in place by a tie-bolt 6. The lid 4 is equipped at its ends withhandles 8 for convenience in moving the container 2 when desired.

1O designates a pump (Fig. 5), for lifting the oil from the container 2so that said oil may flow by gravity to the mixing tube '12. Said pump10, in the present instance, consists of a vertical casing 14 open atits ends and fixed to the lid 4 of the container 2, an endless cable 15running around a drive sheave 18 in the upper portion of the casing 14,and a chamber 20 into which the oil is discharged as it is carriedupwardly by said endless cable 15. The casing 14 has a hinged. top 22,so that access may be had to the interior mechanism for inspection andrepairs. The drive sheave 18 is fixedly-mounted upon a shaft 24 drivenin. the present instance by an electric motor 26 (Fig. 1), mounted uponthe container lid'4 beside the pump 10.

The oil discharged into the chamber 20. by the cable 15 flows byl forceof gravity into the mixing tube 12 t pipe 28 is manually controlled bymeans of i rough a feed pipe 11 28. The passage of the oil through thefeed a valve 29 and autoinatically controlled'by a self-closing needlevalve 30 (Fig. 2), pro-- vided with a discharge nozzle 34 arrangedaxially within the mixing tube. 12. The valve plug 36 of the needle"alve 30 is urged towards its seat by acoil spring 38 and isautomatically drawn away from its seat by a solenoid 40, the plunger 42of which is connected to the valve stem 44 by a lever 46 fulcrumed at48. 4

The mixing tube 12 is supplied with air from a blower 5Qemounted u'ponthe container lid 4 and driven by, the motor shaft 24, Figs. 1 and 4.The opposite. end of the mixing tube 12 from that connected to theblower 50 terminates in a segmental vaporizer, 52 surrounding the burner54, which it enters and communicates with a mixing chamber 56in theupper portion of said burner 54.

The burner 54, best shown by Figs. 9, .10 and 11 embodies the mixingchamber 56 which has slits or perforations 58 through which thevaporized mixture is discharged, a band 60surmounted by the, mixingchamber 56, an overflow chamber 62 surmounted by said vaporizing band60, an air chamber 64 surrounding the overflow chamber 62, and

' an annular oil trough 66 surmounted bythe air chamber 64 and providedwith lugs 63 secured to the bottom of the overflow chamber 62 by screws65. The segmental vaporizer 52 is provided at its inner periphery with acircular flange 68, which in case the flame becomes extinguished,directs the unconsumed oil into the interior of the burner 54 "fromwhich it is.conducted from the overflow chamber 62 by a drain pipe 70discharging into a trip on 71 which causes the flow of the oil to theurner "54 to be automati-l cally cut off as will hereinafter appear.

The annular oil trough 66 is supplied with l oil through a feed pipe 72leading from the container 2 and provided with a valve 53. The oiltrough 66 is provided with a circular row of wicks 74 secured at theirupper ends in bushings 76 fittingfirmly within holes in I the top wallof the trough 66, so that oil cannot overflow therefrom. The wicks, 74pro- .vide for a. pilot light b drawing the oil upwardly through capilary attraction so that it can be. ignited, combustion being supported byair admitted through the open bottom of the air chamber 64 and whichpasses through the perforations of two concentric bands 78,extendingfrom the top of the oil trough 66 to the top of the air chamber64 which has an annular opening 80 for the passage of the flame, sothate'such flame may -impinge against the vaporizer tube 52 and the band60 and thus vaporize the combustible mixture received from the mixing"tube 12. v

The thermostat84 disclosed in detail by Fig. 3, which automaticallyregulates the supply .of oil and air to the mixing tube 12 sup ort 92,which may be secured to a wall of t e apartment. The lower end of theconductor 86 has a contact 94 adapted to engage either ,of'theoppositely-disposed contacts 96, 98, adjustablymounted in the forked'endof a lever 100, adapted to be secured at any point of its adjustment bya graduat ed segment 102.

Figs. 7 and 8 disclose a circuit breaker 104, which is mechanicallycontrolled through the intermediacy of the trip clip 71.

to cut out the motor 26 and prevent flooding of the burner in case theflame becomes extinguished, and is electrically controlled by thethermostat 84 to cut out the motor 26 in case the temperature in theapartment rises above a predetermined degree, or cut in said motor 26should the temperature fall below a predetermined degree. The circuitbreaker 104 is enclosed within a compartment 106 arranged on .top of theoil container 2. Said circuit breaker 104 includes a cupof mer cury 108,electrodes 110 and 112, levers 114 and 116 for lowering said electrodes110 and 112, respectively, into the mercury 108 and raising them fromsaid mercury, an insulated plunger ll8 pivotally connected at one end ofthe lever 116, armatures 120, 122,

spaced apart andfixed to said plunger 118, and a double-actingelectromagn'et 124 interioq posed between the armatures 120 and 122' Yand embodying sup orts 125 in which the plunger 118 is slida blymounted. v

The electromagnet 124 embodies coils 126 and 128 would open cores-130,131, respectively, and the adjacent ends of which are connected to awire 136,-connected to the secondary of a transformer 138 and leading tothe conductor 86 of the thermostat 84.

The opposite end of the coil 126 is connected injured in case of ashort-circuit.

The lever 114 of the circuit breaker 104, is pivoted to one end of aconnecting rod 144, which is fipivoted at its oppositeend to a crank 146xed upon one .end of a rock shaft 148 journaled in bearings 149' fixedto the mixiiig tube 12. f The other end of the rock shaft148 is providedwith a crank 150 pivotally connected to the upper end of a rod 152connected at its lowenend to the tri P 71 through theintermediacy of abail/let results in immersing the electrode 112 in the' The rod '152 isprotected by a tube 156 open at its ends and communicating at its lowerportion with the drain pipe 70 to direct the overflow oil therefrom intosaid trip As shown by Fig. 12, the motor 26 is connected to the motorcircuit 160, which is,

solenoid coil 40 is connected across the motor circuit 160,.by wires 170and 172. A rheostat 114 is connected in series with the motor circuit160 to regulate the speed of the:

motor 26.

The operation briefly stated is as follows: The switch 164 is closed andthe contact 98 is manually swung into engagement with thermostaticcontact 94. The rheostat 174 is then adjusted. to obtain the desired Imotor speed. The circuit from the mains 162 enters the motor circuit 160and energizes the transformer 138 which in turn energizes the localcircuit including the wire 136 94 and 98, wire 140, and coil 126,causing the latter to attract the armature 122 which mercury 108, theelectrode 110 being normally immersed. The thermostatic lever 100 isthen manually adjusted to move the contact 98 out of engagement with thecontact 94,v

and is set at the proper point on the segment 102 to obtain the desiredtemperature. p

Should the temperature of the apartment rise above the degree for whichthe thermostat 84 is set and cause the spring 88 to expand sufiicientlyto move thecontact 94 into engagement with the contact 96, a circuit isestablished through they wire 136, thermo-' static conductor 86,contacts 94 and 96,wire- 142 and coil 128 causing the same to attractits armature 12 0 and raise the electrode 112 from the mercury 108. Thisinterrupts the motor circuit 160 which remains open until thetemperature falls sufliciently to cause the spring 88 to contract andmove the thermostatic contact 94 into engagement with the contact 98 andclose the local circuit above-described, causing energization of thecoil- 126, which attracts its armature 122 and closes the motor circuit160 by lowering the electrode 112 into the mercury 108. Thus themotor-"26 is automatically started and stopped according to thetemperature in the apartment. v

When the motor circuit 160 is closed by immersion of the electrode 112in the mercury 1 08, the solenoid coil 40 is energized v and effects"the opening of the needle walve to the mixing tube 12.

cup 71.

f chamber 56 of the thermostatic conductor 86, contacts.

charge nozzle 34 from which it is delivered by theblower within the tube12 impinges against the delivered oil with sufficient force to becomethoroughly intermixed therewith and break the oil up into a spray which'is generated into a vapor in the vaporizer 52, before entering themixing the burner 54. As the highly heated vapor is forced from themixing chamber 56 through the perforations 58 it is ignited by the pilotlight embodying the wicks 74, said pilot light having been previouslymanually lighted to heat the vapor,- izer 52 and: ignite the combustiblemixture as it is discharged from the burner 54.

Should the pilot light become extinguished from any cause while theapparatus is in operation, the oil in the combustible mixture will, ofcourse, not become vaporized and will flow into the trip cup 71, ashere- 50. Interruption of. themotor circuit 160 The air blast causedalso deenergizes the solenoid 40 allowing the needle valve 30 to closeand shut off the flow of any oil remaining in the pipe 28. The Yapparatus remains in this condition until again fnanually started.

From the foregoing description it will be understood that we haveprovided an a paratus embodying the advantages a ove ointed out andwhile we have shown and described the preferred construction,combination and arrangement of parts we reserve the right to make suchchanges as prcperly fall within the spirit and scope of the appendedclaims.

Having thus describedour invention, what we claim and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is: f

1'. In an apparatus of the character described a fuel oil container, apum for lifting the oil from said container, a mixer to vwhich the .oilis supplied, an electric motor and a connecting rod pivoted at one endto the last-mentioned crankand pivoted at its opposite end to thecircuitbreaker to open the same when the cup is depressed.

2. In an apparatus of the character described a burner consisting of anoverflow chamber having an outlet at its lower portion, a mixing chambersurmounting said overflow chamber, and a vaporizer extend ing around thelower portion of said mixing chamber and having a flange leading intothe overflow chamber.

3. In an apparatus of the character described a burner, an oil troughassociated with 'said burner and having holes in its top portion, bushins fitting snugly within said holes, wicks fi tting tightly into said.-

bushings and depending into the oil trough, an air chamber Sui-mountingthe oil trough and having an opening in its top wall, and two perforatedbands spaced apart within the air chamber and extending upwardly fromdiametrically opposite points of t-he bushings.

In testimony whereof we aflix our signa tures.

FRANK H. STANARD. MAURICE L. STANARD.

